ABSTRAK
Latar belakang : Prevalensi diabetes mellitus di dunia mencapai 10 % dan Asia Tenggara mencapai 9 % pada usia 25 tahun. Menurut Riskesdas tahun 2007, prevalensi diabetes mellitus di Indonesia 5,7% dan untuk Aceh 8,5%. Komplikasi diabetes salah satunya ulkus diabetic. Penderita DM beresiko 29 kali terjadi ulkus diabetik. Ulkus diawali dengan invasi kuman menyebabkan selulitis. Infeksi lebih lanjut terjadi osteomyelitis dan infeksi di seluruh tungkai.
Metode : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi profil ulkus diabetik di Banda Aceh meliputi karakteristik penderita ulkus dan karakteristik ulkus diabetik. Jenis penelitian observasional dengan desain potong lintang. Lokasi penelitian Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Zainal Abidin dan Meuraxa di Banda Aceh dan pemeriksaan laboratorium di laboratorium Loka Litbang Biomedis Aceh. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 57 pasien diabetes mellitus dengan ulkus. Sampel direncanakan berjumlah 215 responden, karena keterbatasan waktu maka yang diperoleh hanya 57 responden (26,5% dari jumlah responden yang direncanakan).
Hasil : Penderita ulkus yang diperoleh dari penelitian sejumlah 57 (26,5% dari jumlah responden yang direncanakan). Penderita ulkus diabetikum didominasi oleh perempuan (54,4%), berusia 56-65 tahun (45,6%), menderita diabetes mellitus sekitar 1-5 tahun (35,1%), dengan kadar gula darah tidak terkontrol (61,4%), status gizi normal (49,1%), komplikasi makrovaskuler (24,6%), pengobatan diabetes menggunakan insulin injeksi (61,4%), dan pengobatan ulkus menggunakan Nacl (100%). Karakteristik ulkus berdasarkan kriteria Wagner (38,6%) dan berdasarkan Universitas of Texas (56,1%) berada pada grade 1, jumlah ulkus hanya pada satu area (63,2%), lokasi di kaki (45,6%), tanpa eksudat (56,1%), tepi ulkus seperti tebing (45,6%), kulit sekitar ulkus memiliki ciri edema minimal (66,7%), berwarna merah muda (45,6%), inflamasi minimal (66,7%), ulkus tanpa nyeri (787,9%), dan tanpa maserasi (82,5%). Jenis bakteri yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah Staphylococcus sp. (92,9%).
ABSTRACT
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood sugar levels accompanied with abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates, protein, and fat from lack of insulin well as pancreatic dysfunction or absolute insulin dysfunction. The prevalence of diabetes in the world was 10% and Southeast was Asia 9% at the age of 25 years. According Riskesdas in 2007, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia was 5.7% and Aceh was 8.5%. One of diabetic complications is diabetic ulcer. Patients with diabetes are at risk of diabetic ulcers occur 29 times. Ulcer begins with the invasion of bacteria causing cellulitis. Further infection osteomyelitis and infections occur in all limbs.
Methods: This study aimed to identify the profile of diabetic ulcers in Banda Aceh include the characteristics of patients with ulcers and diabetic ulcers characteristics. This study was observational research using crossectional design. The location study were Regional General Hospital Zainal Abidin and Meuraxa in Banda Aceh and laboratory tests in the laboratory of Biomedical Research and Development Aceh. The study sample consisted of 57 patients with diabetic ulcer.
Results: Patients with diabetic ulcers are dominated by women (54.4%), aged 56-65 years (45.6%), 1-5 years with diabetes mellitus (35.1%), blood sugar levels are not controlled (61.4%), the normal nutritional status (49.1%), macrovascular complications (24.6%), treatment of diabetes using insulin injection (61.4%), and treatment of ulcers using Nacl (100%). Characteristics of ulcers Wagner criteria (38.6%) and the criteria of University of Texas (56.1%) were grade 1, the of ulcer only one area (63.2%), the location on foot (45.6%), without exudate (56.1%), the edge of ulcer as a cliff (45.6%), the skin around the ulcer with minimal oedema (66.7%), eritema (45.6%) and inflammatory minimal (66.7%), ulcer without pain (78.9%), and without maceration (82.5%). Most of the bacteria found was Staphylococcus sp. (92.9%).
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